Figure 7. The German version of the Roold type, first produced in 1912. Similar concept to the Roold, but the cork is leather covered and the chamber is left unsealed and contains a rubber frame. The soft frame was centered and held between the two caps by threads sewn to a button on top of the dome, this was the type’s main external distinguishing feature. The sponge rubber buffer contained air bubbles, leading to it being called a ‘Pneumatic Flying Helmet’. It had a standard German style fingered headband/liner with drawstring. Bottom right, A period photo of Germany’s two main types of crash helmet, left the cork ‘Roold’ type and right, the leather or fiber type. The ‘Roold’ type was popular with German aviators early in WWI, but the lack of access to cork and rubber meant the fiber or leather crash helmet with external stuffed buffers (right and Fig. 1) had become the standard German crash helmet by mid-war.