Figure. 1. Early attempts at aviation safety helmets; some best described as ‘contraptions’. Left, a 1910 British ‘Gamages’ design. Center, the 1912 ‘Warren’ helmet, consisting of sprung steel leaves in the crown and horse hair padding (the term ‘Warren’ helmet is sometimes mistakenly applied to British copies of the Roold). Right, A 1913 Dunhill’s advertisement, including the Gamages (top right) and Roold (bot. left) designs, and at bot. right a German compressed fiber or leather helmet with simple stuffed sausage buffers, which became very popular in Germany in the latter years of WWI. The Roold type helmet became the most popular safety/crash helmet internationally in the pre-war years probably due to its relatively neat appearance and well padded chamber. (Ref. 4, Aviation Ancestry.co.uk))